Hubble Space
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Space Placemat $3.45 The Science BrainyMats help children learn about topics ranging from the solar system to healthy eating. Worksheets on the flip side of the mat engage children to answer fun questions related to the lesson…. |
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Good Boy! $3.89 OWEN’S NEW DOG, HUBBLE, DOES LOTS OF TRICKS & HE CAN ALSO SPEAK,LITERALLY. TURNS OUT HE IS REALLY AN INTERPLANETARY AGENT FROMTHE DOG STAR SIRIUS, SENT TO SNIFF OUT RUMORS THAT EARTH’S DOGS HAVE FAILED TO BECOME MEN’S MASTERS. NOW OWEN & HUBBLE MUST TRAIN MUTTS TO CONVINCE HUBBLE’S LEADER THAT EARTH DOGS RULE…. |
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The Visible Universe: A Visual Journey Through Space and Back in Time. NASA – Hubble Space Telescope $17.94 NTSC North American FormatUpdated 2009 – Includes: * Some of the most recent 2008/09 HST observations* New Title Menu* Re-encoded with the latest encoders allowing for excellent color and clarityJ.B.S HaldaneThe Universe is not only stranger than we imagine; it is stranger than we can imagine.The Visible Universe presents a visual journey through space and back in time using the greatest optical i… |
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Stargaze – Hubble’s View of the Universe $12.95 STARGAZE – DVD Movie… |
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Hubble Space Telescope: Rescue In Space [VHS] $24.99 Journey into space with the Astronauts on one of the most important and spectacular Space Shuttle Missions ever – the critical mission to repair the Space Telescope. Plus, see the first dramatically improved deep space images from Hubble’s newly repaired cameras. 50 minutes…. |
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Amazing Hubble Telescope [VHS] $14.99 … |
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The Space Shuttle and the Hubble Telescope [VHS] Join the crew of shuttle flight STS 26 for breakfast as they orbit the Earth. Witness the shuttle launch and watch as the crew deploys a communications satellite and carries out experiments in the microgravity laboratory. Enjoy magnificent images of the universe provided by the Hubble Space Telescope: the planets of our solar system, distant nebulas, and the life stages of stars…. |
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Wallmonkeys Peel and Stick Wall Decals – Hubble Space Telescope in Orbit around Earth. – Removable Graphic WallMonkeys wall graphics are printed on the highest quality re-positionable, self-adhesive fabric paper. Each order is printed in-house and on-demand. WallMonkeys uses premium materials & state-of-the-art production technologies. Our white fabric material is superior to vinyl decals. You can literally see and feel the difference. Our wall graphics apply in minutes and won’t damage your paint or l… |
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Wallmonkeys Peel and Stick Wall Decals – Astronaut Working on the Hubble Space Telescope during a Spacewalk. – Removable Graphic WallMonkeys wall graphics are printed on the highest quality re-positionable, self-adhesive fabric paper. Each order is printed in-house and on-demand. WallMonkeys uses premium materials & state-of-the-art production technologies. Our white fabric material is superior to vinyl decals. You can literally see and feel the difference. Our wall graphics apply in minutes and won’t damage your paint or l… |
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Wallmonkeys Peel and Stick Wall Decals – Astronaut Working on the Hubble Space Telescope during a Spacewalk. – Removable Graphic WallMonkeys wall graphics are printed on the highest quality re-positionable, self-adhesive fabric paper. Each order is printed in-house and on-demand. WallMonkeys uses premium materials & state-of-the-art production technologies. Our white fabric material is superior to vinyl decals. You can literally see and feel the difference. Our wall graphics apply in minutes and won’t damage your paint or l… |
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Hubble Space Telescope Poster $14.95 Hubble Poster at The Space Store. We have Hubble posters, Hubble photos and other great items at low prices. Award winning customer service and fast shipping. |
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Hubble Huggers Patch $4.95 Hubble Huggers Patch at The Space Store. We have a large selection of Hubble Space Telescope products. Award winning customer service. |
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Rose Galaxy Hubble Space Poster – 11×17 $12.95 Rose Galaxy Hubble Space Poster – 11×17 The interaction was imaged on December 17, 2010, with Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3).This Hubble image is a composite of data taken with three separate filters on WFC3 that allow a broad range of wavelengths covering the ultraviolet, blue, and red portions of the spectrum.To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope’s deployment into space, astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., pointed Hubble’s eye at an especially photogenic pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273. The larger of the spiral galaxies, known as UGC 1810, has a disk that is distorted into a rose-like shape by the gravitational tidal pull of the companion galaxy below it, known as UGC 1813. This image is a composite of Hubble Wide Field Camera 3 data taken on December 17, 2010, with three separate filters that allow a broad range of wavelengths covering the ultraviolet, blue, and red portions of the spectrum. |
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Hubble Space Telescope Model Kit $18.95 Hubble Space Telescope Model Kit The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Craft Science Kit is very realistic… so much so that it is hard to tell from a distance that it’s made of paper. Many of its parts have bonded metal foil, and look like they’re made of metal. Blue and gold-foil solar panels. Internal details include reflective primary and secondary mirrors, printed trusses and baffles. Includes information on how to modify the completed laser-cut, paper card stock model to illustrate installing new instruments as astronauts did first in December, 1993, and again on later upgrade missions. Assembled model is about 10 inches (26 cm) overall. Scale is approximately 1/65. |
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Hubble Space Telescope Navy Polo Shirt $32.95 Hubble Space Telescope Navy Polo Our Hubble Space Telescope pique polo shirt includes our embroidered design and features premium-weight 100% combed cotton pique mesh, single-lock knit fashion collar, two pearl buttons on placket, and banded sleeves.The Hubble Space Telescope has dazzled us with its astonishing images and discoveries. |
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1/400 Premiere Collection NASA Space Shuttle Discovery w/Hubble Space Telescope $65 1/400 Premiere Collection Space Shuttle Discovery w/Hubble Space Telescope now available at The Space Store. |
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Hubble Space Telescope Pocket Guide – Autographed by Story Musgrave $20 Hubble Space Telescope Pocket Guide – Autographed by Story Musgrave The Hubble Telescope’s tasks has been listed as: Explore the solar system Measure the age and size of the universe Search for our cosmic roots Chart the evolution of the universe Unlock the mysteries of galaxies, stars, planets, and life itself From its unique vantage point 600 kilometers above the surface of the Earth, the Hubble Space Telescope looks out into space to capture dazzling images from distant stars which would be impossible to obtain from the ground. The Hubble Space Telecope is mankind’s eyes on the universe.The dazzling vistas that the Hubble Space Telescope has recorded since its launch in 1990 are presented, along with the explanations of what exactly Hubble has seen during it’s years in orbit. It tells the complete Hubble story – from the program’s shaky start to the extraordinary success that followed, inspiring bigger and better successors in the years to follow. Line drawings of its hardware offer a supplementary understanding of Hubble’s technological development. Features: Paperback: 96 pages Publisher: Collector’s Guide Publishing Inc (September 1, 2006) Language: English Book Dimensions: 6.7 x 3.9 x 0.5 inches |
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Imax: Hubble (2011) $24.95 Imax: Hubble (2011) Through the power of IMAX® 3D, Hubble 3D will enable movie-goers to journey through distant galaxies to explore the grandeur and mysteries of our celestial surroundings, and accompany space-walking astronauts as they attempt the most difficult and important tasks in NASA?s history. The film will offer an inspiring and unique look into the Hubble Space Telescope?s legacy and highlight its profound impact on the way we view the universe and ourselves. Narrated by Leonardo DiCaprio, Hubble 3D reunites the Space Station 3D filmmaking team, led by Producer/Director Toni Myers. James Neihouse, Director of Photography, also doubles as the Astronaut crew trainer. Judy Carroll is Associate Producer, and Graeme Ferguson, Co-founder of IMAX and pioneer Producer of many IMAX space films, is Executive Producer. Hubble 3D is an IMAX and Warner Bros. Pictures production, in cooperation with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Actors: Leonardo DiCaprio, K. Megan McArthur, Scott D. Altman, Andrew J. Feustel, Michael T. Good Directors: Toni Myers Writers: Toni Myers, Graeme Ferguson, Frank Summers Producers: Toni Myers, Graeme Ferguson, Judy Carroll Format: Color, Dolby, DVD, Subtitled, Widescreen Language: English Subtitles: English, French, Spanish Region: Region 1 (U.S. and Canada only) Aspect Ratio: 1.66:1 Number of discs: 1 DVD Release Date: March 29, 2011 Run Time: 45 minutes |
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The Hubble Space Telescope $24.99 The Hubble Space Telescope – Photographic Print |
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Servicing the Hubble Space Telescope: Shuttle Atlantis – 2009 (Paperback) $19.95 Servicing the Hubble Space Telescope: Shuttle Atlantis – 2009 (Paperback) Servicing the Hubble Space Telescope: follows the final Shuttle servicing mission from the press conference announcement through crew training and vehicle launch preparation. Stunning on-orbit photography taken by the astronauts during five spacewalks is featured along with Altantis’ triumphant return to the Kennedy Space Center.Launched by Space Shuttle Discovery in 1990, Hubble has circled Earth more than 97,000 times and provided more than 4,000 astronomers access to the stars not possible from inside the Earth’s atmosphere. Hubble has helped answer some of science’s key questions and provided compelling images of our solar system that have awed and inspired the world. Features: Paperback: 120 pages Publisher: Specialty Pr Pub & Wholesalers (September 15, 2009) Language: English Book Dimensions: 9 x 8.8 x 0.5 inches |
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Hubble Space Telescope in Orbit $69.99 Hubble Space Telescope in Orbit – Photographic Print |
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NOVA: Hubble’s Amazing Rescue (2010) $24.95 NOVA: Hubble’s Amazing Rescue (2010) The best-known scientific instrument in history was dying. After nearly 20 years in space and hundreds of thousands of spectacular images, the Hubble Space Telescope’s gyroscopes and sensors were failing, its batteries running down, and some of its instruments were already dead. The only hope to save Hubble was a mission so dangerous that in 2004 NASA cancelled it because it was considered too risky.Scientists and the general public alike stubbornly refused to abandon the telescope, and a new NASA administrator revived the mission. This program takes viewers behind the scenes on a riveting journey with the team of astronauts and engineers charged with saving the famous “orbiting observatory” against all odds. Features: Actors: Chuck Shaw, John Grunsfeld, Mike Massimino Directors: Rushmore DeNooyer Format: Color, DVD, NTSC Language: English Region: Region 1 (U.S. and Canada only) Aspect Ratio: 1.33:1 Number of discs: 1 DVD Release Date: January 5, 2010 Run Time: 60 minutes |
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The Cone Nebula, Hubble Space Telescope $79.99 The Cone Nebula, Hubble Space Telescope – Photographic Print |
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Hubble & Story Musgrave over Australia – signed 15" x 15" $65 Hubble & Story Musgrave over Australia – signed 15″ x 15″ Comes with a Certificate of Authenticity. Sorry, no discounts on this item. Hubble & Astronauts over Australia was taken during the historic STS-61 mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope and includes astronauts Story Musgrave & Jeffrey Hoffman. The 15 x 15 inch photograph was printed from a NASA 3G transparency scan to Kodak paper.Story Musgrave served as a NASA astronaut for 31-years, flew on six space flights on all (5) space shuttles. He performed the first space walk on Challenger’s first flight, a pilot on an astronomy mission, conducted two classified DOD missions, the lead space walker on the Hubble Telescope repair and on his last flight, operated an electronic chip manufacturing satellite on board Columbia. |
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1,000 Things to Love about America: Celebrating the Reasons We’re Proud to Call the U.S.A. Home $0.99 From jazz to the Gettysburg Address to baseball to the White Castle hamburger—here are the 1,000 greatest things about America! The Pilgrims called their new nation “a shining city upon a hill.” Abraham Lincoln praised it as “the last, best hope of mankind.” In times of boom or bust, this remarkable land we know as America has been a beacon of hope illuminating the world. Now the authors of 1,000 Years, 1,000 People: Ranking the Men and Women Who Shaped the Millennium have teamed up once again to pay unabashed tribute to the greatness of our country—in a fascinating, fun, and informative celebration of the concepts, inventions, institutions, icons, history, social trends, geographical wonders, and consumer products that have made the U.S.A. such an awesomely amazing place! The Constitution • Mount Rushmore • Backyard Decks • Monopoly Internet Shopping • Duct Tape • Yogi Berra • The Super Bowl Ultimate Frisbee • The Fifth Amendment • The PTA • The Indy 500 Freedom of the Press • Hollywood • Sesame Street • ChapStick Poker • The Wizard of Oz • Fast Food • The Cleveland Orchestra The Barn Owl • Glacier National Park • Jack Daniel’s Old No. 7 Patchwork Quilts • Soap Operas • Joy of Cooking • West Point A Streetcar Named Desire • The Florida Keys • The Red Cross Wikipedia • Deodorant • The Hubble Space Telescope • Grizzly Bears The Beach Boys • The White House • Recycling |
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100 greatest manmade wonders $10.99 Used – A title in the 100 GREATEST series which brings to life interesting people, discoveries, natural formations and animals in the history of the world. Manmade wonders include the Great Wall of China, the Eiffel Tower, the Hubble Space Telescope and the Channel Tunnel. |
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19 Fortuna $37.97 Used – High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! 19 Fortuna is one of the largest main belt asteroids. It has a composition similar to 1 Ceres: a darkly colored surface that is heavily space weathered with the composition of primitive organic compounds, including tholins. Fortuna is 225 km in diameter and has one of the darkest known geometric albedos for an asteroid over 150 km in diameter. Its albedo has been measured at 0.028 and 0.037. The Hubble Space Telescope observed Fortuna in 1993. I |
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19 Fortuna $36 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! 19 Fortuna is one of the largest main belt asteroids. It has a composition similar to 1 Ceres: a darkly colored surface that is heavily space weathered with the composition of primitive organic compounds, including tholins. Fortuna is 225 km in diameter and has one of the darkest known geometric albedos for an asteroid over 150 km in diameter. Its albedo has been measured at 0.028 and 0.037. The Hubble Space Telescope observed Fortuna in 1993. It was resolved with an apparent diameter of 0.20 arcseconds and its shape was found to be nearly spherical. Satellites were searched for but none were detected. |
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19 Fortuna $37.97 New – High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! 19 Fortuna is one of the largest main belt asteroids. It has a composition similar to 1 Ceres: a darkly colored surface that is heavily space weathered with the composition of primitive organic compounds, including tholins. Fortuna is 225 km in diameter and has one of the darkest known geometric albedos for an asteroid over 150 km in diameter. Its albedo has been measured at 0.028 and 0.037. The Hubble Space Telescope observed Fortuna in 1993. It |
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19 Fortuna $43.2 Used – High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! 19 Fortuna is one of the largest main belt asteroids. It has a composition similar to 1 Ceres: a darkly colored surface that is heavily space weathered with the composition of primitive organic compounds, including tholins. Fortuna is 225 km in diameter and has one of the darkest known geometric albedos for an asteroid over 150 km in diameter. Its albedo has been measured at 0.028 and 0.037. The Hubble Space Telescope observed Fortuna in 1993. I |
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2007 Space Wall Calendar: Views from the Hubble Telescope $12.95 Manufactured by Scientific American,Wall Calendar, English-language edition,Pub by Pomegranate Communications, Inc. |
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2011 Space Hubble Telescope DELUXE WALL Calendar $144.03 From its launch in 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope has given us unprecedented views of the far reaches of space with its extraordinary high-resolution images, sparking the public”s imagination and providing astronomers with new information about the dynamics and evolution of the universe. Each of the calendar”s twelve awe-inspiring Hubble images is accompanied by a description of the celestial phenomenon depicted. Important dates in the history of space exploration, as well as current astronomical events, are noted throughout. |
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2011 Space Hubble Telescope MINI Calendar $67.27 2011 Space Hubble Telescope MINI Calendar |
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2011 Universe of the Hubble Space Telescope Wall Calendar $19.95 Manufactured by Astrographics,Wall Calendar, English-language edition,Pub by Astrographics |
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2012 Hubble Space Telescope $10.99 Used |
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2012 Hubble Space Telescope $13.99 Wyman Publishing,Wall Calendar, English-language edition,Pub by Wyman & Son Publications |
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2012 Hubble Space Telescope $135.73 Used |
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2012 Hubble Space Telescope $10.99 Used |
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2012 Hubble Space Telescope $135.73 New |
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21st Century Complete Guide to the Webb Space Telescope, Successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, Planet Finder, Origins Program, New Visions for Astronomy and Space Science (Cd-Rom) $65.95 New |
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3 K Cosmology: EC-Tmr Conference: Rome, Italy, October 5-10, 1998 $100.55 New – Big Bang Cosmology is now a wide research field spanning the search of dark matter to space observations of cosmic background anisotropies. The proceedings of this conference bring together the work of high energy physicists and cosmologists. In each field, alternative interpretations and crucial future observations are discussed, such as “What is the best experiment for detecting dark matter? What is the crucial observation for measuring such cosmological parameters as the Hubble Constant |
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3 K Cosmology: EC-Tmr Conference: Rome, Italy, October 5-10, 1998 $35 Used – Big Bang Cosmology is now a wide research field spanning the search of dark matter to space observations of cosmic background anisotropies. The proceedings of this conference bring together the work of high energy physicists and cosmologists. In each field, alternative interpretations and crucial future observations are discussed, such as “What is the best experiment for detecting dark matter? What is the crucial observation for measuring such cosmological parameters as the Hubble Constan |
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3 K Cosmology: Eitmr Conference $243.93 Big Bang Cosmology is now a wide research field spanning the search of dark matter to space observations of cosmic background anisotropies. The proceedings of this conference bring together the work of high energy physicists and cosmologists. In each field, alternative interpretations and crucial future observations are discussed, such as What is the best experiment for detecting dark matter? What is the crucial observation for measuring such cosmological parameters as the Hubble Constant? Are galaxies formed through growing gravitational instabilities or through the condensation of matter around topological defects? To what degree are the anisotropies of CBR observed by COBE and other experiments contaminated by known and unknown galactic components? |
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4c Objects: 3c 244.1, 4c +37.11, 3c 401, 3c 288, 3c 285, 3c 171, 3c 20, 3c 249.1, 3c 215, 3c 438, 3c 35, 3c 153, 3c 109 $9.25 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Ursa Major B or 3C 244.1 is a radio galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is classified as a Fanaroff-Riley Type II (FRII) radio source, which means that the luminosity increases with distance from the core. There are two, asymmetrical radio-emitting lobes straddling the parent galaxy. These lobes have an angular separation of 52 at a position angle of 168°. When measured in the optical band, this galaxy has a redshift value of z = 0.428, corresponding to a distance of 1.5 Gpc. 3C 244.1 is located within a cluster of other galaxies. Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope show an elliptical galaxy with blobs and a filamentary structure. The radio jets being generated by the active galactic nucleus are interacting with the interstellar medium, producing extended narrow line regions. These features are commonly associated with many active galaxies. The axial ratio of the elliptical galaxy is 1.4, meaning it is about 1.4 times large along the primary axis than along the perpendicular axis. At the nucleus of this galaxy is a supermassive black hole with an estimated solar masses. The dimensionless ratio of the black hole spin to the black hole mass-energy j is . … More: http://booksllc.net/?id=14861679 |
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A Butterfly Emerges From A Stars Demise In A Planetary Nebula-Hubble Telescope Image From NASA-Boxed Notecard Set $18 Butterfly Emerges from Stellar Demise in a Planetary Nebula. This celestial object looks like a delicate butterfly. But it is far from serene. What resemble dainty butterfly wings are actually roiling cauldrons of gas heated to more than 36,000 F. The gas is tearing across space at more than 600,000 MPH. Thats fast enough to travel from Earth to the Moon in 24 minutes! A dying star that was once about five times the mass of the Sun is at the center of this fury. It has ejected its envelope of gases and is now unleashing a stream of ultraviolet radiation that is making the cast-off material glow. This object is an example of a planetary nebula, so-named because many of them have a round appearance resembling that of a planet when viewed through a small telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope, snapped this image of the planetary nebula, called the Bug Nebula or the Butterfly Nebula and lies within our Milky Way galaxy, roughly 3,800 light-years away in the constellation Scorpius. The glowing gas is the star’s outer layers, expelled over about 2,200 years. The butterfly stretches for more than two light-years, which is about half the distance from the Sun to the nearest star, Alpha Centauri. The central star itself cannot be seen, because it is hidden within a doughnut-shaped ring of dust, which appears as a dark band pinching the nebula in the center. |
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A Butterfly Emerges From A Stars Demise In A Planetary Nebula-Hubble Telescope Image From NASA-Greeting Card Set $18 Butterfly Emerges from Stellar Demise in a Planetary Nebula. This celestial object looks like a delicate butterfly. But it is far from serene. What resemble dainty butterfly wings are actually roiling cauldrons of gas heated to more than 36,000 F. The gas is tearing across space at more than 600,000 MPH. Thats fast enough to travel from Earth to the Moon in 24 minutes! A dying star that was once about five times the mass of the Sun is at the center of this fury. It has ejected its envelope of gases and is now unleashing a stream of ultraviolet radiation that is making the cast-off material glow. This object is an example of a planetary nebula, so-named because many of them have a round appearance resembling that of a planet when viewed through a small telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope, snapped this image of the planetary nebula, called the Bug Nebula or the Butterfly Nebula and lies within our Milky Way galaxy, roughly 3,800 light-years away in the constellation Scorpius. The glowing gas is the star’s outer layers, expelled over about 2,200 years. The butterfly stretches for more than two light-years, which is about half the distance from the Sun to the nearest star, Alpha Centauri. The central star itself cannot be seen, because it is hidden within a doughnut-shaped ring of dust, which appears as a dark band pinching the nebula in the center. |
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A Butterfly Emerges From A Stars Demise In A Planetary Nebula-Hubble Telescope Image From NASA-Single Greeting Card $3.95 Butterfly Emerges from Stellar Demise in a Planetary Nebula. This celestial object looks like a delicate butterfly. But it is far from serene. What resemble dainty butterfly wings are actually roiling cauldrons of gas heated to more than 36,000 F. The gas is tearing across space at more than 600,000 MPH. Thats fast enough to travel from Earth to the Moon in 24 minutes! A dying star that was once about five times the mass of the Sun is at the center of this fury. It has ejected its envelope of gases and is now unleashing a stream of ultraviolet radiation that is making the cast-off material glow. This object is an example of a planetary nebula, so-named because many of them have a round appearance resembling that of a planet when viewed through a small telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope, snapped this image of the planetary nebula, called the Bug Nebula or the Butterfly Nebula and lies within our Milky Way galaxy, roughly 3,800 light-years away in the constellation Scorpius. The glowing gas is the star’s outer layers, expelled over about 2,200 years. The butterfly stretches for more than two light-years, which is about half the distance from the Sun to the nearest star, Alpha Centauri. The central star itself cannot be seen, because it is hidden within a doughnut-shaped ring of dust, which appears as a dark band pinching the nebula in the center. |
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A Decade of Hubble Space Telescope Science $12 Used – The Hubble Space Telescope has made some of the most dramatic discoveries in the history of astronomy. From its vantage point 600km above the Earth, Hubble is able to capture images and spectra that would be difficult or impossible to obtain from the ground. Representing some of the most important scientific achievements of the Hubble Space Telescope in its first decade of operation, this collection of review articles is intended for researchers and graduate students. |
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A Decade of Hubble Space Telescope Science $201 Summary of the achievements of the Hubble Space Telescope in its first decade of operation. |
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A Decade of Hubble Space Telescope Science $185.24 The Hubble Space Telescope has made some of the most dramatic discoveries in the history of astronomy. From its vantage point 600km above the Earth, Hubble is able to capture images and spectra that would be difficult or impossible to obtain from the ground. Representing some of the most important scientific achievements of the Hubble Space Telescope in its first decade of operation, this collection of review articles is intended for researchers and graduate students. |
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A Decade of Hubble Space Telescope Science $171.84 New – The Hubble Space Telescope has made some of the most dramatic discoveries in the history of astronomy. From its vantage point 600km above the Earth, Hubble is able to capture images and spectra that would be difficult or impossible to obtain from the ground. Representing some of the most important scientific achievements of the Hubble Space Telescope in its first decade of operation, this collection of review articles is intended for researchers and graduate students. |
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A Grand and Bold Thing: An Extraordinary New Map of the Universe Ushering In A New Era of Discovery $0.99 LATE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, what had been a fevered pace of discovery in astronomy for many years had slowed. The Hubble Space Telescope continued to produce an astonishing array of images, but the study of the universe was still fractured into domains: measuring the universe’s expansion rate, the evolution of galaxies in the early universe, the life and death of stars, the search for extrasolar planets, the quest to understand the nature of the elusive dark matter. So little was understood, still, about so many of the most fundamental questions, foremost among them: What was the overall structure of the universe? Why had stars formed into galaxies, and galaxies into massive clusters? What was needed, thought visionary astronomer Jim Gunn, recently awarded the National Medal of Science, was a massive survey of the sky, a kind of new map of the universe that would be so rich in detail and cover such a wide swath of space, be so grand and bold, that it would allow astronomers to see the big picture in a whole new way. So was born the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a remarkable undertaking bringing together hundreds of astronomers and launching a new era of supercharged astronomical discovery, an era of “e-science” that has taken astronomy from the lonely mountaintop observatory to the touch of your fingertips. Critically acclaimed science writer Ann Finkbeiner tells the inside story of the Sloan and how it is revolutionizing astronomy. The Sloan stitched together images of deep space taken over the course of five years, providing a remarkably detailed, three-dimensional map of a vast territory of the universe, all digitized and downloadable for easy searching on a personal computer, and available not only to professional astronomers but to the public as well. Bringing together for the first time images of many millions of galaxies—including the massive structure known as the Sloan Great Wall of galaxies, never seen |
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A Grand and Bold Thing: An Extraordinary New Map of the Universe Ushering In A New Era of Discovery $17.99 LATE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, what had been a fevered pace of discovery in astronomy for many years had slowed. The Hubble Space Telescope continued to produce an astonishing array of images, but the study of the universe was still fractured into domains: measuring the universe’s expansion rate, the evolution of galaxies in the early universe, the life and death of stars, the search for extrasolar planets, the quest to understand the nature of the elusive dark matter. So little was understood, still, about so many of the most fundamental questions, foremost among them: What was the overall structure of the universe? Why had stars formed into galaxies, and galaxies into massive clusters? What was needed, thought visionary astronomer Jim Gunn, recently awarded the National Medal of Science, was a massive survey of the sky, a kind of new map of the universe that would be so rich in detail and cover such a wide swath of space, be so grand and bold, that it would allow astronomers to see the big picture in a whole new way. So was born the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a remarkable undertaking bringing together hundreds of astronomers and launching a new era of supercharged astronomical discovery, an era of “e-science” that has taken astronomy from the lonely mountaintop observatory to the touch of your fingertips. Critically acclaimed science writer Ann Finkbeiner tells the inside story of the Sloan and how it is revolutionizing astronomy. The Sloan stitched together images of deep space taken over the course of five years, providing a remarkably detailed, three-dimensional map of a vast territory of the universe, all digitized and downloadable for easy searching on a personal computer, and available not only to professional astronomers but to the public as well. Bringing together for the first time images of many millions of galaxies—including the massive structure known as the Sloan Great Wall of galaxies, never seen |
Hubble Space-Shattering Discoveries
Creation of the Universe – The theory and observation merged together can give us some answers – Observatins of the Black Holes in our Universe.
We have never seen them directly, yet we know they are there.
Lurking in dense star clusters, or wandering the dust lanes of the Galaxy were they prey on stars or even swallow plants whole.
Our Milky Way may harbor millions of these – Black Holes, the ultra dense remnants of dead stars.
But now in universe far beyond our galaxy there is evidence of something even more ominous, a breed of Black Holes that have reached incomprehensible size and destructive powers.
It has taken a new era of Astronomy to find these, high technology instruments in space tuned to find high energy forms of life with x-ray and gamma rays that are invisible to our eyes, new precision telescopes on earth with technology enabling them to cancel out the blurring effect from the atmosphere on earth and see to the far reaches of the Universe.
Looking into far distances of our Galaxies, astronomers finding evidence that space and time can be shattered by eruptions so waste they boggle the mind. We are just beginning to understand the impacts these outburst have had on the Universe around us.
That understanding recently took a leap forward when a team working at the Subaru observatory at the top of one of Hawaii’s volcano mountains looked into the deeper parts of the Universe and captured a beam of light that had taken almost 13 billion years to reach the earth. It was a messenger from not long time after the Universe is believed to have been born. They focused their attention towards an object known as a Quasar, short for Quasi radio stellar Source, it offered a stunning surprise.
A tiny region of the object is so bright that the astronomers believe it comes from a single object with at least a billion times the mass of our sun.
In the center of this beacon the space suddenly turns dark as it is literary is swallowed by a black hole.
As strange as it may seem, even Hugh Black holes like these are thought to be products of familiar universe of stars and gravity.
They get their start in rare types of large stars at least ten times the mass of our sun. These giants burn hot and fast and they die young. The star is a cosmic pressure cooker. In its core the pressure gravity produces such an intense heat that atoms are stripped and re-arranged. Lighter elements like hydrogen and helium fuse together to form heavier ones like calcium, oxygen, silicon and finally iron. When enough iron forms and accumulate it begins to collapse under its own weight. That will send a chock wave that is sent outwards, literary blowing the star apart. A supernova is born – at the moment the star dies, if enough matter falls into its core it collapses to a point forming a Black Hole.
Intense gravitational forces surround that point with a dark sphere – the event horizon at which point nothing, even not light can escape, that is how an average size Black Hole is formed.
What about the monster of the Subaru Quasar just recently observed? Recent observations about these giant black holes have led the theorists to re-think their views on history.
Back in 1995, the Hubble Space telescope was enlisted in to begin register details of that history.
Astronomers selected tiny regions in the sky between the stars, looking north, and south and into south again.
For days at a time they focused the Hubble telescope on these tiny patches of sky to examine the deepest regions in the universe. These deep field images offerings clear view of the cosmos in its infancy. What drew astronomer’s attention were the tiniest galaxies covering only a few pixels on Hubble’s lenses. Most of them do not have the spiral or elliptical shapes of the large galaxies we see closer to us today. Instead they are irregular and scrappy collection of stars. The Hubble Deep field confirmed the idea that the universe must have evolved in a series of building blocks with small galaxies gradually merging and assembling into larger ones. You can see evidence of this pattern by simply looking into the sky as many galaxies are gravitating around one another. Some are crashing together; others are ripping each other apart. Gravity calls the tune as these galaxies draw together, exchanging stars and gases, and over time merge to form and form larger composite galaxies. Lately though, this picture of the Universe taking shape from the ground up has gotten a lot more complicated.
The quick appearance of giant black holes and galaxies in early universe is at odds with the gradual way matter builds up in most galaxies. They likely had their beginning in the first generation of stars that literary burst on to the cosmic scene, in a time of incredible turbulence. These stars were born in the knot that developed the fuse gas of the universe. Gravity drew these knots together, in the densest regions the stars were born in waves; they even gave birth to black holes. In a relatively short time by cosmic standards the earliest black holes swallowed more and more matter, growing to monumental proportions and became quasars. These quasars in turn were fed by collapse of matter on a much larger scale. Simulations of this illustrate what happened in the first billion years of cosmic history. Gravity forces driven by gases created an intricate web of strings and knots as if you were looking into a large spider web in three dimensions. In the densest regions are you would find the growth of the largest galaxies and black holes.
As these regions grow stronger and stronger, the galaxies and black holes grow more and larger. In some regions these reach ultra massive proportions, billions of times mass of our sun. In the center of these massive galaxies, you will find developed a black hole driven by the galactic gravity of gases surrounding these galaxies.
The orbiting Chandra X-Ray Space laboratory was dispatched to look into the distant galaxies for black holes on a growths birth, those who swallow gases and summers, glow hot in x-ray light. And Chandra found them; it even spotted some of them in pairs. Black hole companion entwined in a dance of death, as when the music ends, the pair will swallow each other. That moment must be fast approaching for the largest black hole detected in the Universe up to date (or should we say has happened, as light takes some time to arrive here).
It is a quasar called OJ287, flare ups in the surrounding regions of this quasar suggests to the astrophysicists that another black hole is wandering around it. This giant gravitational hole and its companion have led astronomers to estimate it’s mass to be the enormous 18 billion times our sun mass.
A monster this large and ferocious vents its rage on its surrounding area and radically changes it.
Just look at MSO735, 2.5 billion light years away it appears in visible light to be a typical galaxy cluster. But in x-ray light it is in enveloped in a cloud of hot gas held together by immense cavities over a region of 600 000 light years across, in the radio wave light of the cluster, you can see two concentrated streams of matter pushing out from the center. This tells the astronomers that this is formed due to a rupture in the core of the central galaxy. Two jets shooting out of the galaxy have launched a blast away through the gas of the galaxy; it is assumed that it requires energy of billions of super novas. This makes this the single largest eruption seen in our universe since the Big Bang.
The source is a black hole that might weigh around 10 billion solar masses. How is it that a black hole that is famous for hiding in the dark emit this much energy?
Think of the black hole as the eye in the midst of a hurricane storm, kept rotating by the gas, stars and all other matter surrounding its region of influence and other black holes that seem to fall into it. As this matter flows in, it forms a spinning donut feature called an accretion disc. It works like a dynamo, the spinning motion of that disc generates magnetic field that twist around and channel some of the inflowing matter outwards into a pair of high energy beams that projects out from the center of this jet donut.
How much energy, depends on the gravity and size of the black hole and how much matter has already crashed through its event horizon. Is this just another frightening specter of nature, or is it evidence of a more profound process at work?
Black hole jets have been seen all around the Universe, including in our own cosmic neighborhood. Centauries A, also known as the hamburger galaxy exhibits jets seen in x-ray light, jetting out from its center.
Astronomers have come to believe its two galaxies in the act of colliding.
The famous M87 galaxy, at the center of Virgo cluster of galaxies, about 15 million light years away from us has been studied recently by the astronomers.
They have studied the 4 billion solar sun mass black holes that lurk in its hart. They found that in the tiny center of its region that the gas is whipped by its gravity to orbital speeds of millions of kilometers pr hour, which is powered by a jet that is penetrating into its center.
The largest black hole in the universe arose in the edge of quasars around 10-12 billion years ago, by releasing energy in form of jets they heated up the surrounding region. This prevented the gas from collapsing into the center from the surrounding region and allowed smaller galaxies on the periphery to form and grow.
But the monsters impact did not stop there.
The Chandra made a spectral image Hydra A galaxy cluster illustrates the high energy cavities forming jet streams blasting out from its central galaxy.
Gas on the edge of these jet streams contains higher content of iron and other metals probably from other supernovas from the explosions in the center. By pushing these heavier elements out into regions beyond the black hole seeds the universe with the elements needed to form stars, planets and solar systems like ours.
Then the smaller galaxies begin to seed their own environment.
As two galaxies begin their dance of entanglement and gas streams of each of these galaxies begin to interact, they feed each others black hole gravity field as they close up and at the same time push much of the loose gas beyond its boundaries. The final stage is a merge into one bigger black hole, as gas is sucked into these and creates a massive pull, in the final stages the singular black hole created by this collision emits one final blast of energy.
Our earth, sun and solar system seem to be beneficiaries of the black holes and their activities around in the universe.
The black holes are the evidence of the constant battle between energy and gravity in our universe.
About the Author
He has a background as civil engineer and geoscientist. He has worked mainly within the oil and gas industry from the mid 1980s. He has written a few fictional novels as well as being the author of some professional litterature within oil and gas sector, he is now an editor of some web sites.
